NCERT Solutions for Class 5 EVS Chapter 3

Chewing the food properly helps in the smooth digestion and proper absorption of the nutrients.
When you chew your food properly, your body releases digestive enzymes in the stomach that help to break down food so that your body can convert it into energy Of course, chewing is also the essential first step of digestion. Food must be chewed so it can be swallowed easily and, when it arrives into the stomach, be properly digested. Chewing leaves food small enough for the gastric juices in the stomach to further reduce it to smaller size.

Digestion is the complex process in which the food breaks down into simpler substances and it gets changed into nutrients, which our body uses to get energy, growth and cell repair needed by us to survive. The digestion process also helps in creating the waste which has to be thrown out from our body.

We need proper food for the nutrition and for the growth of our body. Without good nutrition our body will suffer from disease, infection, fatigue and poor performance. A healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy can help to reduce your risk of heart disease by maintaining blood pressure and cholesterol levels. High blood pressure and cholesterol can be a symptom of too much salt and saturated fats in your diet.

The taste of a piece of bread changes on chewing as when we chew the food it breaks the starch present in them into simpler sugars which gives a sweet taste to it. As we chew it for a longer period of time, more time results in more mixing, and the enzymes present in the mouth work on it and hence we get it sweet taste.

Indigestion is an uncomfortable pain which we have in the stomach or chest due to acidity or wrong eating habits.It generally occurs after a person has been eating or drinking too much or at wrong intervals. It includes feeling full and overstuffed, feeling sick, burning of chest and stomachache.

A chapatti tastes sweet when we chew it for some time as our saliva contains some enzyme so when we chew food, they act on the starch and convert them into sugars which tastes sweet. The piece of chapatti tastes sweet as the saliva that is secreted by the salivary glands breaks down the starch into simple sugars which makes it taste sweet.

How do emotions affect the digestion process?
Ans. Our stomach is delicate and gets affected by emotions. Emotion like anger, anxiety, sadness, happiness can stimulate symptoms. Our brain has a straight effect on the stomach and intestines. For example, the thought of eating good and favourite food can release stomach’s juices before food is before us.
Similarly, if we are in tension or sad it affects our digestive system negatively in many ways. It will result in a decrease in blood flow or circulation and oxygen flow to the stomach. We may suffer from pains and irritation too. We might not be able to digest the food properly and quickly too. Whereas if we are happy then the food will be digested easily and quickly.

When we have an upset stomach and are vomiting again and again then we feel weak as all our energy gets wasted. Vomiting and diarrhea that is watery bowel movements are common symptoms of gastroenteritis Vomiting and diarrhea are harmful as they can cause dehydration which results in loss of water in our body. If someone has frequent vomiting and lose motions, that person cannot digest any food and becomes very weak. In such case the person needs to be taken to the doctor. Sometimes even a glucose drip is given for quick recovery.

When a person is endlessly suffering from vomiting and has loose motion, then Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORS) needs to be given to prevent dehydration and from getting severe. Oral Rehydration Therapy is a fluid that is given to the patient to treat dehydration.

Digestive system is that system of organs which is responsible for getting food into and out of the body and for making proper use of food to keep the body healthy. The digestive system includes the following organs:
salivary glands, mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and rectum.

The role of the tongue in digestion is as follows:
• It helps in mixing the saliva with the food when it is being chewed which helps in the digestion of food.
• It helps in swallowing the food into the food pipe.
• It also helps in knowing the taste of the food, whether it is sweet or salty.
• It helps in speaking
• It helps to keep the food between the teeth during swallowing

Taste buds are the sensory organs that are found on our tongue and allow us to experience tastes that are sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.
• The taste buds in front of the tongue taste sweet things.
• The taste buds at the back of the tongue taste bitter things.
• The taste buds at the back of both sides taste sour things
• The taste buds in front of both sides taste salty things.

Rahul should not be given any fried food or spicy food just give him freshly cooked light food. He should be given glucose so that his body gets energy. And the body does not get dehydrated due to too much of loss of water.

When we play, we sweat a lot which results in loss of water, sugar and salt from the body. Due to this there is lose a lot of energy. Glucose solution provides us instant energy by replenishing the lost water and sugar.

Papillae are the small, bumpy structures found on the upper surface of the tongue which give it a rough texture. About thousands of taste buds cover the surface of the papillae of the tongue. These papillae help to grip the food in the mouth

The process of travelling of food is as follows:
1. The process of digestion begins from the mouth. The food is chewed well by the teeth and our tongue helps to swallow it.
2. Then it goes to the food pipe also called Oesophagus, from where the swallowed food reaches the stomach.
3. In the stomach it churns into a fine paste with the help of the digestive juices. The acid present in the stomach help to kill the germs present in the food.
4. From here it goes to the small intestine where the food is broken further with the help of the digestive juices produced from its walls, liver and pancreas.
5. The process of digestion gets completed here and the blood absorbs the digested food through the walls of small intestine and distributes it to all the parts of the body
6. The undigested food goes to the large intestine and the remaining water in it is absorbed back into the blood here.
7. The solid waste is then thrown out of the body through the anus.

Taste and smell are related to each other. If we are unable to smell food properly then we cannot get the complete taste of food also. When we are suffering from cold our nose gets blocked completely due to the growth of mucus as a result, we are unable able to take the smell of food due to which the food seems to be tasteless after eating.

Saliva present in our mouth plays an important role in the process of digestion as it makes the food soft and pulpy, so that it can be swallowed easily. The enzymes present in it help in the breakdown of starch (carbohydrates) in the food that we eat.

What would happen if the small intestine in the human body stops functioning?
Ans. If the small intestine present in the human body stops functioning, the process of digestion will not be completed and the useful nutrients from the digested food will not mix with the blood.

Junk food is the food that is unhealthy food, high in calories from sugar or fat, with very little nutrients, dietary fibre, protein, vitamins, minerals and has no nutritional value. Most of the junk food is highly processed food.
It is harmful for us as junk foods are unhealthy for consumption. Surplus junk food if eaten can cause:
• severe diseases like cardiovascular diseases,
• diabetes, and many cancer forms.
• It can lead to a high rate of obesity.
• It can cause problems related to the heart, liver, eyes, and brain.
• It can cause stomach infection.
• our body will become fat slowly and make us lazy if we consume junk food.

Saliva is a watery secretion that is present in the mouth and is produced by the salivary glands. It helps in the digestion of food. Saliva moistens and cleanses the mouth as well as the tongue and teeth, and contains such substances that can play an important role in the prevention of infection.

The stomach is a muscular sac like or J-shaped organ in the upper part of the abdomen which helps to break down and digest the food. It is a part of the digestive system that extends from the mouth to the anus. The size of the stomach differs from person to person, and from meal to meal.

The boiled milk can take eight to twelve hours to be digested whereas the raw milk requires twelve and eighteen hours. Usually an adult can digest milk in two hours but it also depends on the kind of milk. For example-skimmed milk takes an hour and a half to digest. Boiling milk changes brings in protein and lactose so the people who suffer from milk allergies or lactose intolerance might find it easier to digest.

Milk and milk products are difficult to digest for everyone. This is because of the presence of Lactose in them which is a kind of sugar found in dairy products. When someone is unable to digest this food group, they develop gas, bloating and even nausea.
So, boiling milk is essential as it kills germs and is an effective way of dealing with disease-causing organisms as well as it makes digestion of milk easy.

Glucose drip is given to a sick person because when a person becomes sick and is unable to eat properly, his or her body becomes weak. That time the glucose drip gives him some energy or strength, even without eating anything.

We should chew food 30 to 32 times before we swallow it. It takes lesser chews to break down soft and water-filled food. The purpose of chewing food properly is to break down your food so that it loses its texture, gets grinded properly into a finer paste as well as absorbs more nutrients and energy from the food. It also makes digestion of food easier for us.

A balanced diet is essential for supplying all the nutrients required by our body to work efficiently and effectively. Without balanced diet with all nutrients in it, our body is more likely to suffer from diseases, infection, tiredness, and low performance. All those who don’t get sufficient food as well as healthy food suffer from growth and developmental issues, poor academic performance, and regular infections.
Healthy eating habits not only increase energy but also improve the way our body works, performs various functions, supports our immune system and avoids weight gain.

Acidity means when the food is not digested properly by us and the juices that are present in the stomach get acidic. It results in stomach ache, head ache, vomiting etc.

The acidic juices harm our stomach as they cause sickness, stomach ache, head ache, absence of concentration and lazy and sluggish body.

We come to know about the food habits of a child from the shape of the body, energy and the colour of eyes and skin.

If we do not eat food for two or three days our body will become weak and sick. Our energy level would be less and we would feel too hungry. We will not be able to do our work properly without eating food or without taking in energy. If our body does not take in food or water it will become weak.

Beaumont did various experiments by using stomach of St. Martin to study the digestion in stomach. During his experiments, he used to insert food tied to string in the stomach through the hole and then study how well food was digested. He also extracted hydrochloric acid from his stomach. He also found that temperature, emotions and exercise are main contributing factors for digestion process.

Dr Beaumont tried an experiment with different food items on Martin. He gave Martin the same food at the same time and then compared how long it took for food to be digested in the glass and in Martin’s stomach. He recorded his observations in a table. Dr Beaumont did many experiments and found out many secrets about digestion. Our stomach churns the food to digest it. The doctor also saw that the food did not digest properly when Martin was sad. He also found that the juice in our stomach is acidic. Acidity as per the doctor develops especially when that person has not eaten well or the food is not digested properly.

Rishi came back after playing a football match in the afternoon. On returning home, he started vomiting and suffered from loose motions too.
i. Write the condition which Rohan will suffer from, due to continuous vomiting and loose motions?
Ans . The condition which Rohan will suffer from, due to continuous vomiting and loose motions is Dehydration.
ii. If you were a doctor, what two ways would you suggest to help him in such a situation?
Ans. As a doctor, two ways which I would suggest to help him are-
*Sugar and salt solution made at home for immediate relief
* An ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) should be given.

In some areas, under nutrition occurs yearly, on a seasonal basis, especially in the period just before harvest. It is the time when the food stocks of a family or farmers gets exhausted and the new harvest is not yet about to begin. There is situation of a famine when under nutrition is extreme, causing death by starvation. Non availability of food thus is one of the major cause of people dying due to starvation.

A balanced diet is the diet which has all the nutrients required by the body to give it energy. It supplies the nutrients which our body needs to work effectively.

When there is too much of water loss from the body and its organs, cells, and tissues fail to function properly the way they should, it leads to dangerous complications. If dehydration isn’t checked immediately, it could be fatal for us.

Glucose helps in dehydration as it helps to give energy to the working muscles and prevents fatigue. It hydrates the patient and gives water and nutrients to different parts of your body to maintain fluid balance in the cells.