NCERT Solutions for Class 5 EVS Chapter 22

Mukadam is an agent for sugarcane factories. He helps people to find work in sugarcane fields. He is a person who lends money as loan for the expenses of villagers.

The people who were left behind in the village were old and ill people, children and unemployed people after their families migrate for work.

Poor people in village borrow money from the mukadam to meet their basic needs like food and clothes etc. especially when there is no money with them at home to meet their expenses.

Mukadam explains to the village in which areas they would go for the next six months.People just earn enough money to keep them going through these months.

Farming was done without rainwater with the help of new methods of irrigation that can be used to provide the required water to crops. Water can be used from canals, tube wells for irrigating the fields.

The caravan of the families stay near the sugarcane factories and work there for six months. Their children do not go to school. They help their parents in the work.

A canal is an artificial channel that is constructed to carry water to the fields to perform irrigation. The water is taken either from the river, tank or reservoirs.

Canals are fed by rain water received by rivers, and the water is used for irrigation. Production of crops needs more water which is possible through canals. As compared to un-irrigated soils, higher productivity per hectare is also possible due to canals. The main advantage to canals is that it helps in the shipping goods.

A caravan is a group of travellers, as merchants or pilgrims, who move together for safety in passing through deserts, hostile territory, etc. They can be any group travelling using any specific mode of transportation, as pack animals or motor vehicles etc.

Debt is that amount of money which is borrowed by one party from the another party. A debt gives the borrowing party permission to borrow money under the condition that it is to be paid back at a later date, with interest. In simple words, debt is money borrowed from another party, for something you can’t afford.

Dhanu’s family wanted that Dhanu should go to school for the whole year so that Dhanu should get something better in his life.They did not want him to suffer the way they were suffering and wanted him to become something in life.

The people who were left behind were the ladies with small children, the old and the sick people who were forced to stay behind. They could not do any work and thus were left home to look after the houses and the cattle.

The mood of the people changed suddenly because the mukadam had come to lend them money and for that they had to leave their village and move to the sugarcane factories to work there.

Puran poli is a traditional Indian flatbread which is stuffed with flavoured and sweetened lentils. The outer covering is made with wheat flour or all-purpose flour. The stuffing is made with cooked chana dal (bengal gram) which is sweetened with jaggery and flavoured with cardamom and nutmeg powder.

Women used to get up early in the morning and go to the sugarcane fields to cut them. Then the children and women used to tie bundles of sugarcanes in the fields.

The mukkadam helped Dhanu’s family by giving them work in the sugarcane fields when they were in need.

The problems faced by the people when they do not have any work in their village and have to find work outside are:
• No money for fulfilling their basic requirements
• Lack of food and poor living condition
• No education for the children

After the celebration of Dusshera, the villagers move out of the villages for the next six months, to work in the sugar cane field of big farmers. Mukadam gives them some money as loan.

Sugarcane is used for various things. It provides a juice, which is used for making white sugar, and jaggery (gur) and many by-products 1ike bagasse and molasses. Bagasse is used as a fuel, for production of fiber board, papers, plastics and furfural

The life of farmers in earlier days different from that in modern times in the following ways
• They use traditional and age-old agriculture equipment. They use primitive methods of farming whereas the modern farmers use modern techniques, latest technology and innovative method
• Most of the farmers are fully dependent on farming for their livelihood whereas modern farmers have other means of livelihood also
• All the family members are engaged in farming which is not the case in modern farmer’s families.
• They are dependent on rains for irrigation whereas they have better sources of irrigation.
• Most of them are illiterate whereas they are educated .

School is an important part of our child’s life as:
• It imparts knowledge about different things to a child
• It gives valuable lessons to the child in terms of knowledge, growth, and development.
• It provides knowledge for being social and interactive with different people.
• It also teaches students on how to become responsible as a citizen.
• It also gives the chance to achieve or fulfil your dreams and passion in life.