NCERT Solutions for Class 4 EVS Chapter 14

In our area this is called Kudal and it used to dig and loosen soil.

Wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, mustard, vegetables, etc. are some crops grown in my area.

Instead of animals, tractors can be used to plough the fields.

yes, I help the elders in my family in their work. I help my mom to clean and arrange the house. I help my father while purchasing the essentials for our house.

Yes, I enjoy doing all these works.

Basva is unable to attend school for some days because he has to help his father in collecting onions from the field.

Yes, there is a field near my house. different type of vegetables like green vegetables, tomatoes, mint, green chillies and onions, garlic etc. are grown in that field.

If there were no proper roads, then fruits and vegetables would be taken to another place by rickshaw, cycle, bullock cart, mule, etc.

Vehicles like tempo, tractor, trucks, thela, rickshaw, etc. are used to carry fruits and vegetables.

Name (in this chapter): Kurige
Name in your area: Hal
Work: plough field and sprinkling the seeds.

Name (in this chapter): Illige
Name in your area: Daranti
Work: It is used to cut vegetables.

There are several steps to grow a crop, here are steps for growing wheat crop:
(a) Soil is cultivated with the plough.
(b) Seeds are sown in the soil manually or by sees drill.
(c) Manure and fertilizers are added to the soil.
(d) Soil is irrigated properly.
(e) Weeds are removed.
(f) Crop is cut using a combine.
(g) Wheat seeds are packed and stored properly.

Wheat is grown in our area on large scale. Steps involved in growing this crop are given as follows:
(I). First, the manures and fertilisers are added to the soil for the proper growth of the crop.
(II). Soil cultivation is done by using tractor or bulls.
(III). Seeds of wheat are then sprinkled or sown in the soil using a seed drill.
(IV). Wheat seeds are then sufficiently covered with soil to prevent them from drying or eaten by birds.
(V). The fields are then properly irrigated (2−3 times in a month).
(VI). Weeds that grow along with the wheat plants should be removed because they are unwanted plants and can harm the yield of the crop.
(VII). Crop is cut using a combine.
(VIII). Wheat seeds are packed and stored properly.

Basva was a boy whose father was a farmer. They lived in Belvanika village in Karnataka.

As usual in the month of July, like every year, Basva’s father was preparing the field to sow the onion crop. There were so many things to be done at this time. Basva too had to go to the field with Appa.

In the last few days, his father had been using the Khunti (an iron rod) to dig the soil, loosen it and make it soft.

Basva’s family was happy because the onions that had grown in their fields were big and healthy. They took the onions in the truck to sell it in the big market.

The following conditions are required by the seed to grow properly-
• Proper space to grow
• Warmth of the sunlight
• Water and nutrients from the soil
• Air from the atmosphere through the roots

The process in which a seed grows into a young plant (seedling) is called seed germination.

The various steps involved in the process of farming are-
• Preparing the soil by ploughing the fields
• Sowing or sprinkling of seeds
• Watering the plants regularly
• Removing the weeds from the crops
• Adding minimum amount of fertilizers and spraying insecticides
• Harvesting the crops
• Storing it properly to be taken to the market for selling to earn money

Weeds are the unwanted plants that grow on their own between the crops in the fields.They are not good for the crops being grown.

We need to remove the weeds from the fields as they take up the water and nutrients from the soil and reduce the growth of the actual crop. They may also attract pests or insects causing diseases to the crops.

When the seeds are sown in the field s, the bullocks help in pulling the Kurige and the farmer walks behind them, sprinkling the seeds.

As the onion plants were now tall enough and reached his knees. The leaves had started turning yellow and drying up which meant that the onions were ready to be taken out. As his father would be needing help from him so he may not go to school for the next few days.

Basva’s father did not allow him to sprinkle the seeds for sowing because seeds have to be dropped at the right amount at a right distance and as Basva was small, he could have dropped them together or without proper distance.

Amma and aunty used the illige to cut the dried leaves from the top of the onions. The illige is sharp and you have to be careful not to cut your fingers.

For distribution of agricultural produce, road transport has a very important role because it is the major means of transporting agricultural produce from the farms to the markets as well as to various urban communities

The work was divided amongst all the family members of Basva’s family in the following ways-
• Digging the soil and sowing the seeds was done by Basva’s Appa
• Removing of weeds was done by Amma, uncle and Basva
• The job of taking out the onion from the soil was done by amma,Uncle and Basva
• Removing the dry leaves from onion was done by amma and aunt
• Taking the onions to the market was done by Appa

The family members do their own work when they are not needed to work on the farm which means that the female members of the house do their household work and take care of their families while the children go to school and study.

If the farmers do not have big family to support them in their work, then they hire some workers from outside or use some machines to help them in their work.

The steps involved in the growing of the onion plant are-
• First the seeds are sown in the soil in the field
• The sprouts start coming after some days
• The plant starts growing and once it grows properly, onions are taken out from the ground
• After the onions are taken out, the leaves are separated from them
• Then they are kept in sacks and taken out for selling in the market.