NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Part 2 Chapter 4 MCQ

One of the first reasons for the reason for stagnation in India’s agricultural sector was the zamindari system. This agricultural system was mainly practiced in Bengal, which was the then capital of British India. As per this method, the bulk of the profits went to land owners, i.e. zamindars rather than cultivators. As a result, the colonial bosses ultimately made the foremost income, while such farmers weren’t remunerated adequately. These zamindars, who were vassals of their colonial masters, didn’t help to enhance the agriculture sector but only wanted to reap its benefits.

Agricultural land is that the single most significant resource and type of property in rural society.Rural society is that the fundamental basis of human civilization and culture. People that reside in urban areas they’re mainly the migrants from the agricultural areas. So geographic area or village is that the well-spring of our culture and civilization.

Imposing limits on the number of agricultural land that a family can hold is termed ceilings onto land holdings.Land over the ceiling is defined because the surplus land. In simple words, ceilings ashore holdings fix the utmost limit that a personal can hold.

Immediately after Independence four important components of reform were thought of as major policy interventions in building the land policy. These included: (1) the abolition of intermediaries; (2) tenancy reforms; (3) fixing ceilings onto land holdings; and (4) consolidation of landholdings. These were taken in phases thanks to the necessity to determine a political will for his or her wider acceptance. By 1960, the entire process of legal enactment of the abolition of intermediaries was completed. This was the foremost successful component of the lander form process.

Green revolution, great increase in production of food grains (especially wheat and rice) that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of latest, high-yielding varieties, beginning within the mid-20th century. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and therefore the Indian subcontinent. Reduced labor time, higher yields, and also the efficient use of resources are driving the large-scale adoption of the technology. Farmers now use automated harvesters, drones, autonomous tractors, seeding, and weeding to remodel how they cultivate their crops. The technology takes care of menial and recurring tasks, allowing them to concentrate on more critical functions.

They usually get low wages, conditions of labor put an excessive burden on them, and therefore the employment which they get is extremely irregular. Agricultural workers constitute the foremost neglected class in Indian rural structure. Their income is low and employment irregular.There are various main features of agricultural labour. A farmer is a bonded or semi-free worker, landless, or dwarf-holder. They typically obtain low salaries, work conditions are very hard on them, and also the jobs they get are very irregular. A crucial a part of Indian rural society is those who work on farms.

The revolution in India was first introduced in Punjab within the late 1966-67 as a part of a development program issued by international donor agencies and therefore the Government of India. During nation Raj, India’s grain economy hinged on a unilateral relation of exploitation. The revolution started within the year 1965. It had been the primary time when High Yield Variety seeds were introduced in Indian Agriculture. The most aim of revolution was to form India self- sufficient when it came to food grains.

The period between 1991 – 2003 was considered the Golden revolution period because, during this era, the investment planned within the horticulture segment became highly productive. India became the planet leader within the production of a spread of fruits like coconut, mangoes, cashew nuts and more. The arena emerged as a sustainable livelihood option and have become the second-largest producer of vegetables and fruits. Economic conditions of the many farmers who were engaged in horticulture improved thus improving the livelihood for several underprivileged classes.

Verghese Kurien, called the “Father of the White Revolution” in India, was a social entrepreneur whose “billion-litre idea”, Operation Flood, made dairying India’s largest self-sustaining industry and also the largest rural employment sector providing a 3rd of all rural income.

Imposing limits on the number of agricultural land that a family can hold is termed ceilings onto land holdings.Land over the ceiling will be defined because the surplus land. In simple words, ceilings ashore holdings fix the most limit that a private can hold.

The Government of India enacted the 2005 Hindu Succession Amendment Act (HSAA), which ensured an equal share in ancestral property for men and ladies. A large global literature shows that owning land would enhance a women’s well-being, improve children’s health and education, reduce violence, raise farm productivity, increase family food security, and empower women socially and politically.

Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) could be a rural development project launched in 2014 by the govt of India within which each Member of Parliament will take the responsibility of three villages and appearance after the non-public, human, social, environmental and economic development of the villages. Rural Transformation could be a process of comprehensive societal change whereby rural societies diversify their economies and reduce their reliance on agriculture; become keen about remote places to trade and to amass goods, services, and ideas.

The Halpati are found mainly within the Gujarat state of India. Minor populations are found in surrounding states and union territories. They’re also called Talvia or Talvi Rathode. The Halpati are found mainly within the Gujarat state of India.

In the Mahalwari system, land was divided into ‘Mahals’ or ‘Taluks’. Tax was collected from each Mahal by the village headman. However, the corporate officials demanded more tax than fields could produce.

Bonded Labour could be a system within which borrowers are forced to repay their loans through labour. Here, the employers give loans at very high-interest rates. Because the loan amounts to be repaid are unreasonably high, the time required to pay off is extremely large, thereby creating a positive feedback of generational inequality. Bonded Labour is additionally called Bandhua Mazdoori or Debt Bondage in India. At a worldwide level, India was ranked in 4th position within the 2016 Global Slavery Index.

In rural areas, there’s a posh relationship between caste and sophistication. This relationship isn’t always straightforward. We would expect that the upper castes have more land and better incomes. Which there’s a correspondence between caste and sophistication together moves down the hierarchy.