NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Part 2 Chapter 1 MCQ

Indirect rule was a system of governance employed by a people et al to manage parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, which was done through pre-existing indigenous power structures.

They were Bengal, Madras, and Bombay. Each presidency was ruled by a Governor. The Governors were managed by a Governor-General. The primary Governor-General was Warren Hastings, who also tried to reform the justice system at the time.Role of cities Cities had a key role in the economic system of empires. Coastal cities like Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai were favoured as from here primary goods could be easily . Exported and manufactured goods could be cheaply imported. Colonial cities were the prime link between the economic or core centres in Britain and periphery or margins in colonised India. Cities were the concrete expression of global capitalism.

Nationalism implied that the people of India or of any colonised society have an equal right to be sovereign. Indian nationalist leaders were quick to understand this irony. They declared that freedom or swaraj was their birth- right and fought for both political and economic freedom.

Apart from outright pillage, the pre-capitalist conquerors benefited from their domination by exacting endless flow of tribute. On the entire they didn’t interfere with the economic base. They simply took the tribute that was skimmed off the economic surplus that was produced traditionally within the subjugated areas.

Today, some 56% of the world’s population – 4.4 billion inhabitants – sleep in cities. This trend is predicted to continue. By 2050, with the urban population over doubling its current size, nearly 7 of 10 people within the world will sleep in cities. Today, some 56% of the world’s population – 4.4 billion inhabitants – board cities. This trend is predicted to continue.

From the top of the 19th century, with the installation of mechanised factory industries, some towns became far more heavily populated. Unlike Britain where the impact of industrialisation led to more people going in urban areas, In India the initial impact of the identical British industrialisation led to more people stepping into agriculture. The Census of India Report show this clearly.

For example, Bombay during British India was planned and re-developed in order that by 1900 over three-quarters of India’s raw cotton were shipped through the town. Urbanisation within the colonial period led to say no of some earlier urban centres and therefore the emergence of recent colonial cities.

In 1698, Fort William was established by the river for defensive purposes and an oversized open area was cleared round the fort for military engagements.

The Swadeshi movement strengthened the loyalty to the economy. Modern ideas made people realise that poverty was prevent a year. The Swadeshi movement strengthened loyalty to the economy.

Develop a national plan for India, the primary attempt came up in 1938 by putting in place a national planning committee by the then president of the Indian National Congress Subhash Chandra Bose. After India achieved independence, a proper model of designing was adopted, and accordingly the design Commission, reporting on to the Prime Minister of India, was established on 15 March 1950, with Prime Minister solon because the Chairman. Agency executive: Prime Minister of India Parent agency: Government of India.

Share of urban population to 17.3 per cent in 1951, increased to 31.2 per cent in 2011.In other words, while in 1951 about 17% of the overall population of 2011 over 31% of the entire population lived in urban areas.

To gain independence from British rule wasn’t one among the sooner objectives during the initial days of the formation of the Indian National Congress.

Formal political control or influence, especially by one country over other countries.

Modern India: The period after 1941, witnessed rapid climb of 4 metropolitan cities in India, which were Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai.

Job Charnock came on the bank of the river Hooghly (it’s the a part of the Ganges) and took the lease of three large villages along the east bank of the river – Sutanuti, Govindapur and Kolikata (Calcutta) as a retail store of British East Indies Company.

In rural India, the unorganised sector comprises landless agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers, share croppers, weavers, and carpenters. Nearly 80% of rural households in India are within the small and marginal farmer category. These farmers have to be supported through adequate and timely delivery of seeds, agricultural inputs, credit, storage facilities, and marketing outlets. The govt. should also introduce some schemes to assist artisans in recuperating livelihoods.